International Journal of Health Engineering and Technology

Analysis of Mental Health Nursing Clinical Practice on Mr. H with Positive Affirmation Therapy Innovation on Changes in Signs and Symptoms of Chronic Low Self-Esteem in the Elang Ward, Atma Husada Mahakam Mental Hospital, Samarinda

Desma Ramadini — 2026-05-07

Low self-esteem is a common mental health nursing problem among patients with severe mental disorders and has a significant impact on self-evaluation, self-confidence, and social functioning. This study aims to examine mental health nursing clinical practice in Mr. H through the application of positive affirmation therapy as an innovative intervention to reduce signs and symptoms of low self-esteem in the Elang Ward of Atma Husada Mahakam Mental Hospital, Samarinda. The method used was a case study with a mental health nursing care process approach, including assessment, nursing diagnosis determination, care planning, implementation, and evaluation. Positive affirmation therapy was applied in a structured manner as a non-pharmacological nursing intervention. The results showed a reduction in signs and symptoms of low self-esteem, accompanied by improvements in the client’s ability to recognize personal strengths, develop self-confidence, and increase participation in activities and social interactions. Based on these findings, positive affirmation therapy is recommended as a supportive intervention in mental health nursing care for clients with low self-esteem and may be further developed in psychiatric nursing practice within mental health hospitals.

The Effect of Slow Deep Breathing Therapy on Reducing Blood Pressure in Hypertension Patients in Luwihaji Village Based on Nola J. Pender's Theory

Erlinda Fera Salsabila — 2026-05-07

Hypertension is a major non-communicable disease in Luwihaji Village due to limited access to health care and low knowledge of non-pharmacological therapy. This study aims to examine the effect of slow deep breathing therapy on lowering blood pressure based on Nola J. Pender's Health Promotion Model theory. Using a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design with a control group, a population of 40 hypertension sufferers was sampled with 30 respondents (15 intervention, 15 control) via simple random sampling. The digital sphygmomanometer instrument was analyzed univariately (frequency, mean) and bivariately (Paired T-Test, α=0.05) using SPSS. The results showed a significant decrease in systolic blood pressure (161.40 to 151.73 mmHg) and diastolic blood pressure (99.07 to 94.20 mmHg) in the intervention group (p=0.000), 100% of respondents decreased versus stable controls (p=0.082). It was concluded that slow deep breathing therapy was effective in lowering blood pressure significantly.

The Relationship Between Service Quality, Facilities, And Effective Communication With Patient Satisfaction At Carolus Serpong Hospital In 2025

Siska Ayu Puspita — 2026-05-05

Patient satisfaction is a crucial indicator of hospital service quality amidst increasing public demand for better healthcare. This study aims to analyze the relationship between service quality, facilities, and effective communication on outpatient satisfaction in the pediatric and obstetrics clinics of Carolus Hospital Serpong in 2025. Using an analytical quantitative cross-sectional design with purposive sampling of 100 respondents, data were collected through a valid (r>0.361) and reliable (α=0.978) SERVQUAL questionnaire, analyzed with Chi-Square and SPSS. The results showed that 80% of respondents were satisfied, with good service quality (61%), facilities (65%), and effective communication (75%). There was a significant relationship between service quality (p=0.016; OR=3.857), facilities (p=0.04; OR=6.896), and effective communication (p=0.009; OR=4.33) on patient satisfaction, with facilities having the strongest influence. It was concluded that the three variables were significantly related to patient satisfaction, and it was recommended that parking facilities and nurse communication training be improved.

Formulation And Test Of Antioxidants And Effectiveness Of Toner Preparations From Pumpkin Fruit Extract (Cucurbita Moschata Duch) Using The Dpph (2,2 Diphenyl - 1-Picrylhydrazyl) Method

Nora Pereira Pinto Nora Pereira Pinto — 2026-05-07

Pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Duch.) is rich in natural antioxidants to overcome skin xerosis which has a high prevalence in Indonesia, but stable toner formulations are still limited. This study aims to develop a pumpkin extract toner and test its antioxidant activity. This type of quantitative experimental research with variations in extract concentration (0%, 5%, 10%, 20%). The population of fresh fruit from Karanganyar, simplicia samples and 9 female panelists aged 20-25 years. Instruments include a rotary evaporator, pH meter, skin moisture meter, UV-Vis spectrophotometer; SPSS analysis (One-Way ANOVA) and IC50 DPPH regression. The results showed that all formulas met physical standards (pH 4.6-5.6, homogeneous, non-irritant, moisture 46-55%), with very strong IC50 (F0: 44.02 µg/mL; F1: 40.19; F2: 39.65; F3: 38.86 µg/mL), a positive dose-response trend. Formula F3 is optimal as a natural antioxidant toner.

JKN Claim Optimization Strategy in Indonesian Hospitals: Literature Review

Simon Jonatan — 2026-05-07

National Health Insurance (JKN) claims management in Indonesian hospitals still faces various obstacles, such as high pending claims, incomplete medical records, diagnostic and treatment coding errors, limited human resource (HR) competency, and suboptimal integration of the Hospital Management Information System (SIMRS) with the BPJS Kesehatan application. These conditions result in delays in claim disbursement, cash flow disruptions, and the risk of declining service quality. This literature review aims to identify the main factors causing delayed claims and summarize effective JKN claim optimization strategies in Indonesian hospitals. Methods: A literature search was conducted on Google Scholar, Garuda, and DOAJ databases for articles published in 2022–2025 with keywords related to JKN/BPJS claims, INA-CBGs, pending claims, claims management, and SIMRS. Articles that met the inclusion criteria were analyzed narratively and synthesized based on a management framework (HR, procedures, information technology, and finance). Strategies consistently recommended in the literature include strengthening the competency of coders and internal verifiers through ongoing training, standardizing claims SOPs and strengthening quality control and cost control, optimizing SIMRS–BPJS integration (end-to-end bridging) to ensure the completeness and accuracy of claim files, and strengthening coordination across units and with BPJS Kesehatan.Strategic management approaches (e.g., 4M/5M, POAC, TQM) have been shown to contribute to a reduction in pending claims and accelerated claim disbursement. Optimizing JKN claims requires integrated interventions across human resources, procedures, information technology, and financial governance. Hospitals are advised to adopt a structured strategic management model, establish claims management performance indicators, and accelerate information system integration to improve the timeliness and quality of claims.

Students' Knowledge Regarding Basic Immunization For Infants

Angel Graceta Sitepu — 2026-05-07

This study examines students' knowledge of basic immunization for infants, a crucial issue given the high infant and toddler mortality rate due to vaccine-preventable diseases. The research method used was quantitative with a cross-sectional approach. The sample size of this study was 42 students who met the inclusion criteria, with the majority of respondents being female (90.5%), 19 years old (59.5%), and in their fourth semester (85.7%). The results showed that the majority of respondents (95.2%) had received information about basic immunization for infants, with the main sources of information coming from college/academics (26.2%) and family/friends (23.8%). The level of knowledge of respondents regarding basic immunization for infants was mostly in the good category (71.4%), although a small number had insufficient knowledge (28.6%). This good level of knowledge is important for increasing awareness and coverage of immunization. Therefore, it is important to continue educating students so that they can contribute to efforts to improve public health, especially regarding infant immunization

Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Of Biomarker-Based And Risk-Based Screening In Early Detection Of Preeclampsia: Systematic Review

Aurellia Saraswati Winahyu Naiaputri — 2026-05-07

Preeclampsia is one of the leading causes of maternal morbidity and mortality, especially in developing countries. Evaluation of the cost-effectiveness of first-trimester screening is essential to ensure accurate and efficient interventions. The objective of this review is to examine and compare the cost-effectiveness between biomarker-based preeclampsia screening and maternal risk-based screening in the first trimester of pregnancy. This study used a systematic review method based on the PRISMA guidelines. Articles searched through PubMed and ScienceDirect with a range of 2020–2025. Quality assessment using the CHEERS Checklist. Five studies were included in this review. All studies show that first-trimester preeclampsia screening is a cost-effective, even cost-saving strategy, especially when combined with early aspirin. Biomarker-based screening and risk algorithms are more cost-efficient than conventional screening. These results can be the basis for the formulation of maternal health policies in Indonesia. Preeclampsia, first trimester screening, cost-effectiveness, biomarkers.

The Effect Of Occupational Safety And Health (Osh) Promotion On Safe Behavior Among Cleaning Service Workers At The Faculty Of Medicine And Health Sciences, Universitas Jambi

Mutia Fadilla Asyifa — 2026-05-07

Workplace accidents remain a serious issue in Indonesia, with unsafe behavior being the primary contributing factor. Unsafe behavior has been identified as the primary cause of occupational accidents, contributing to approximately 88% of incidents. Preventive efforts can be carried out through Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) promotion, including communication, training, supervision, and safety signage. This study aims to analyze the relationship between OSH promotion and safe behavior among cleaning service workers at the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitas Jambi. This study used a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design. The population consisted of all cleaning service workers totaling 20 respondents, and total sampling was applied. Data were collected using questionnaires and observation sheets, then analyzed using univariate and bivariate methods with the Chi-Square test at a significance level of 0.05. The results showed significant relationships between OSH communication (p = 0.024), OSH training (p = 0.014), and OSH supervision (p = 0.010) with safe behavior. The safety signage variable could not be further analyzed due to constant data. In conclusion, OSH promotion is associated with safe behavior, particularly in communication, training, and supervision aspects. The study concludes that OHS promotion significantly influences safe behavior, which in turn affects employee performance. Strengthening communication, training, and supervision is recommended to reduce workplace accidents

The Factors Related To Community Participation In Household Waste Management

Silfa Amalia — 2026-05-07

Community participation in household waste management is a crucial component in maintaining environmental quality and supporting sustainable waste management. This study aims to analyze the level of community participation and examine the relationship between knowledge, attitudes, education, availability of facilities, and the role of community leaders based on Lawrence Green’s theory in Kenali Besar Subdistrict, Jambi City. This research employed a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design involving 96 respondents selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed using the chi-square test. The results showed that most respondents had a high level of participation. Significant relationships were found between knowledge (p=0.001), attitudes (p=0.001), education (p=0.001), and availability of facilities (p=0.001) with community participation. However, the role of community leaders was not significantly associated (p=0.406). In conclusion, community participation is influenced by knowledge, attitudes, education, and the availability of facilities. Therefore, efforts to improve participation should focus on continuous education, provision of adequate facilities, and active community involvement.

Lung Immune Prognostic Index (Lipi) As Prognostic Markers For Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer (Nsclc) Treated With Immunotherapy: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis

Delta Iswara — 2026-05-07

The Lung Immune Prognostic Index (LIPI), based on the derived neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (dNLR) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels, has been recognized as an important prognostic biomarker in lung cancer. However, its prognostic value in patients with non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has not been extensively discussed. Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to comprehensively evaluate the association between LIPI and survival outcomes in patients with advanced-stage NSCLC receiving immunotherapy. Systematic literature search was conducted across PubMed, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library, SSRN, Epistemonikos, and Google Scholar databases up to January 10, 2025. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS). Data were extracted for qualitative and quantitative synthesis, including pooled analyses and subgroup analyses. Random-effects models were applied to pool hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to assess the association between LIPI and progression-free survival (PFS) and/or overall survival (OS) in patients with advanced NSCLC treated with immunotherapy. A total of 7,551 patients from 13 studies were included in the analysis. Pooled analysis demonstrated that patients with poor or intermediate LIPI scores, compared with those with good LIPI scores, had significantly shorter PFS (HR = 2.20, 95% CI: 1.83–2.63, P < 0.001; HR = 1.47, 95% CI: 1.31–1.65, P < 0.001) and worse OS (HR = 3.31, 95% CI: 2.70–4.06, P < 0.001; HR = 1.88, 95% CI: 1.58–2.23, P < 0.001). Subgroup analyses based on immunotherapy type (monotherapy versus combination therapy) yielded consistent results. This study demonstrates that poor and intermediate LIPI scores are significantly associated with worse prognosis in patients with advanced-stage NSCLC receiving immunotherapy. Therefore, LIPI may serve as a promising non-invasive prognostic biomarker for predicting survival outcomes in this patient population. Keywords: lung immune prognostic index, LIPI, non–small cell lung cancer, immunotherapy.

The Use Of Telemedicine In The Digital Transformation Of Healthcare Services: A Literature Review

Abdul Haris Pontoh — 2026-05-07

Digital transformation in healthcare services has encouraged the use of technology to improve access, quality, and efficiency of healthcare delivery. One of the key innovations in this transformation is telemedicine, which enables healthcare services to be delivered remotely. This study aims to examine the utilization of telemedicine in the digital transformation of healthcare services through a systematic review approach. The method used was a systematic review based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). Literature searches were conducted in PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Semantic Scholar, and Google Scholar within the publication years 2020–2025. The article selection process followed identification, screening, eligibility, and inclusion stages. A total of 13 articles that met the inclusion criteria were analyzed narratively. The results indicate that telemedicine improves access to healthcare services, supports health data integration, enhances patient engagement, and promotes more proactive and preventive care. Additionally, telemedicine contributes to improving the efficiency of healthcare systems. However, its implementation still faces challenges such as limited infrastructure, digital literacy, and issues related to data security and system integration. Therefore, telemedicine is an important strategy in the digital transformation of healthcare services that requires support from policies and technological system strengthening.

Analysis Of Students’ Knowledge Of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (Dhf) Prevention At The Faculty Of Medicine And Health Sciences, Universitas Jambi

Shandy Tri Winata — 2026-05-07

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) remains an important public health problem in Indonesia, particularly in tropical regions where Aedes mosquitoes can breed easily. Knowledge is one of the key factors that supports preventive behavior, especially among university students who are expected to become future health promoters. This study aimed to analyze the level of knowledge of Public Health students regarding DHF prevention at the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitas Jambi.This quantitative study used a descriptive cross-sectional design and was conducted from February to March 2026. The sample consisted of 98 students selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected using a closed-ended questionnaire consisting of 20 true-false items. All questionnaire items were valid (r count > 0.361), and the instrument showed good reliability (Cronbach’s Alpha = 0.823). Data were processed through editing, coding, scoring, entry, and cleaning, then analyzed descriptively using frequency distributions and percentages.The results showed that 92 students (93.9%) had good knowledge and 6 students (6.1%) had poor knowledge. The highest indicator scores were found in knowledge of DHF symptoms and the role of individuals and the environment in prevention (99.0%), while the lowest indicator score was found in preventive efforts (93.4%). At the item level, the lowest correct response was found in the statement that fogging is the only method of preventing DHF, with 69.4% correct responses.In conclusion, most students had good knowledge of DHF prevention. However, strengthening specific understanding of integrated prevention strategies, particularly the limited role of fogging, is still needed.

The Effectiveness Of Virtual Reality Distraction On Reducing Pain Levels And Fear In Children During Injection Procedures At Rsij Cempaka Putih

Callista Afzena — 2026-05-07

Injection procedures are a primary source of pain and fear in children that can lead to psychological trauma and hinder compliance with future medical care. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of virtual reality distraction techniques in reducing pain and fear levels in children during injection procedures at Jakarta Islamic Hospital Cempaka Putih. The study employed a quasi-experimental design with a one group pretest-posttest approach involving 36 child respondents aged 3-12 years undergoing repeated injection procedures. Pain measurement used the Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale and fear used the Children's Fear Scale, with data analysis using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. Results showed significant reductions in pain and fear levels after virtual reality intervention, with significance values of 0.000 for all variables. Children's assessment showed no pain increased from 16.7% to 52.8%, while no fear increased from 2.8% to 72.2%. Researcher assessments also showed consistent reduction patterns. This study concludes that virtual reality is effective as a non-pharmacological intervention to reduce pain and fear in children during injection procedures, thus can be integrated into pediatric pain management protocols in healthcare facilities.

Posterior Ischaemic Optic Neuropathy (Pion) Secondary To Distal Segment Stenosis Of The Left Ophthalmic Artery: A Rare Case Report

Delta Iswara — 2026-05-05

Ischaemic optic neuropathy (ION) is a vision-threatening condition caused by impaired arterial blood supply to the optic nerve. Posterior ischaemic optic neuropathy (PION) is a rare subtype that often presents without funduscopic abnormalities in the acute phase, making diagnosis challenging. We report a case of a 50-year-old man who presented with sudden, painless monocular visual loss in the left eye, accompanied by hemisensory deficits. Ophthalmic examination revealed no optic disc abnormalities, while automated perimetry demonstrated an inferior arcuate visual field defect. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed a right corona radiata infarction, and digital subtraction angiography confirmed stenosis of the distal branches of the left ophthalmic artery. These findings supported the diagnosis of PION secondary to ophthalmic artery stenosis, an uncommon etiology of ION. The patient had uncontrolled hypertension as a major vascular risk factor and was treated with antiplatelet therapy, resulting in clinical improvement of visual acuity. This case highlights the importance of comprehensive vascular evaluation in patients with suspected PION and emphasizes ophthalmic artery stenosis as a rare but significant cause of ischaemic optic neuropathy. Early recognition of the underlying vascular pathology may facilitate appropriate management and help prevent further ischemic complications.

The Effectiveness Of Celery And Rosella Flower Decoctions In Reducing High Blood Pressure At The Elderly Integrated Health Post (Posyandu) In Rw 01, Kebon Baru Village, South Jakarta In 2025

Nafa Andini — 2026-05-07

Hypertension in the elderly is vulnerable due to vascular degeneration, with a high prevalence in Indonesia (34.1%) and side effects of pharmacological drugs encourage complementary herbal therapy. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of celery and rosella decoction in reducing MAP in hypertensive elderly at Posyandu Lansia RW 01, South Jakarta. The type of research is a quantitative quasi-experimental two-group pretest-posttest; population 60 hypertensive elderly, sample 40 (purposive, 20/group). Instruments: Omron sphygmomanometer, observation sheet; analysis Paired/Independent t-test (Jamovi, α=0.05). The results showed a decrease in MAP celery 8.90 mmHg (p<0.001) vs rosella 4.45 mmHg (p<0.001), a significant difference (p<0.001). Celery decoction is more effective as a community complementary therapy.

Overview Of Community Knowledge And Actions On The Dangers Of Rabies-Infected Dog Bites In Kineleosan Village, Kombi District

Jelita Mita Soputan — 2026-05-07

Rabies is a serious zoonotic disease caused by the Lyssavirus virus that attacks the central nervous system. The disease is still a threat, including in Kinaleosan Village where most of the community keeps dogs. The problems identified are the lack of public knowledge and preventive measures about rabies. There are still people who use traditional medicine such as lemon or chili pepper crushed after being bitten by a dog and do not immediately go to health facilities. The purpose is to find out an overview of the knowledge and actions of the people of Kinaleosan Village, Kombi District about the dangers of dog bites as rabies-transmitting animals. Using the methodology of quantitative descriptive research and the research population, all families who raise rabies-infected animals (dogs) in Kinaleosan Village as many as 235 families. Samples were taken from 148 families using the Slovin formula. Data were collected using questionnaires and analyzed using univariate analysis. The results showed that the characteristics of respondents' knowledge about the dangers of rabies-infected animal bites were mostly in the fairly good category, namely 75 respondents (50.7%). Meanwhile, the characteristics of public actions regarding the dangers of rabies-infected animal bites were mostly in the good category, namely 82 respondents (55.4%). The conclusion of this study is that the knowledge of the people of Kinaleosan Village about the dangers of rabies-infected animal bites is quite good (50.7%) and the community's actions are good (55.4%). It is recommended that the public continue to increase knowledge and increase actions regarding the dangers of rabies.

Analysis Of Modifiable Risk Factors For The Incidence Of Hypertension In Adults (18–65 Years) In Students Of The Public Health Science Study Program, University Of Jambi

Tari Indah Lestari — 2026-05-07

Hypertension is a non-communicable disease that is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease and is often unaware of it. Adult age groups, including college students, are at risk of developing hypertension due to lifestyle changes and stress-inducing academic stress. This study aims to determine the determinants of risk factors that can be modified for the incidence of hypertension in students of the Public Health Sciences Study Program, University of Jambi. This study uses a quantitative approach with a cross sectional design. The sample amounted to 60 respondents who were selected using the purposive sampling technique. The variables studied included obesity, smoking behavior, stress levels, and sodium consumption. Data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed univariate and bivariate. The results showed that the majority of respondents had normal nutritional status (93.3%), non-smoking (96.7%), and normal sodium consumption (98.3%). The prevalence of hypertension is only 1.7%. However, the stress level is quite high, which is 53.3%. Stress factors are the most dominant determinants compared to other factors. The conclusion of this study shows that although physical factors are relatively controlled, psychosocial factors such as stress play an important role in the potential occurrence of hypertension. Therefore, promotive and preventive interventions are needed, especially in stress management in students.

The Relationship Between Dietary Patterns, Medical History, And Mbg Administration With The Nutritional Status Of Preschool Children In The Working Area Of Cibodas Health Center In 2025

Fathia Rizki — 2026-05-07

Nutritional problems in preschool children remain a serious concern in Indonesia, with a national stunting prevalence of 21.6%. Although the rate is lower in the working area of the Cibodas Community Health Center, cases of double burden of malnutrition (underweight and overweight) are still present. This study aimed to examine the relationship between dietary patterns, medical history, and participation in the Free Nutritious Meal Program (MBG) with the nutritional status of preschool children. A quantitative cross-sectional design was used, involving 92 preschool children selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using dietary pattern and medical history questionnaires, along with anthropometric measurements, and analyzed using the Chi-Square test. The majority of children had good dietary patterns (52.2%), most had a history of illness (62.0%), and more than half participated in the MBG program (56.5%). Nutritional status was dominated by normal nutrition (73.9%), followed by undernutrition (14.1%) and overnutrition (12.0%). Bivariate analysis indicated significant associations between dietary patterns (p=0.000), medical history (p=0.000), and MBG participation (p=0.000) with nutritional status. These three factors are important determinants of preschool children’s nutritional status, suggesting that nutrition improvement efforts should focus on enhancing dietary patterns, preventing illness, and optimizing MBG program coverage.

The Relationship Between Family Support And The Quality Of Life Of Tuberculosis Patients In The Kembaran 1 Banyumas Community Health Center Area

Inggrid Fatmah Miharsih — 2026-05-05

Tuberculosis (TB) is a communicable disease that remains a major public health problem in Indonesia due to its high incidence, long treatment duration, and its impact on patients' physical, psychological, social, and environmental conditions, which can reduce quality of life. Family support is an important factor that plays a role in improving the quality of life of tuberculosis patients. This study aimed to determine the relationship between family support and the quality of life of tuberculosis patients in the working area of Kembaran 1 Public Health Center, Banyumas. This study employed a quantitative analytical method with a cross-sectional design. The sample consisted of 67 tuberculosis patients selected using proportionate stratified random sampling and simple random sampling techniques. The research instruments were the Perceived Social Support from Family (PSS-Fa) questionnaire to measure family support and the WHOQOL-BREF Indonesian version to assess patients' quality of life. Data were analyzed using appropriate statistical tests. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between family support and the quality of life of tuberculosis patients (p < 0.05). Better family support was associated with better quality of life among tuberculosis patients. Family support plays an important role in improving the quality of life of tuberculosis patients.

The Relationship Between Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Consumption And Metabolic Syndrome Incidence In Adolescents: A Narrative Review

Nihana Aura Aprisano Dewi Dewi — 2026-05-07

Metabolic syndrome in adolescents encompasses central obesity, hypertension, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia, often associated with unhealthy lifestyles. In Indonesia, adolescents frequently consume sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), sometimes more than once a day, raising health concerns. This narrative review aims to examine the association between SSB consumption and the incidence of metabolic syndrome in adolescents. A literature search was conducted in PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and Springer using relevant keywords. Articles published between 2015 and 2025, written in English, and representing original research were included in this review. Evidence suggests that high SSB consumption is associated with an increased risk of metabolic syndrome. Frequent consumption contributes to central obesity through excess calorie intake. SSB consumption is also associated with insulin resistance, increased LDL and triglyceride levels, decreased HDL levels, and higher blood pressure. A dose-response pattern suggests that even moderate daily consumption (~90 ml) may increase risk over time. High SSB consumption contributes to the risk of metabolic syndrome among adolescents. Reducing consumption is crucial to prevent long-term metabolic disorders.

The Effect Of Iron Supplement Consumption On HB Levels In Pregnant Women At The Bangko Jaya Community Health Center, Rokan Hilir Regency

Rafika Rafika — 2026-05-07

Iron deficiency anemia in pregnant women is a serious health problem in Indonesia with a prevalence of 27.7%, mainly due to low compliance with iron supplement consumption despite the implementation of the Iron Supplement Tablet (TTD) program. This study aims to analyze the relationship between compliance with iron supplement consumption and hemoglobin (Hb) levels in pregnant women at the Bangko Jaya Community Health Center, Rokan Hilir Regency. Using a quantitative descriptive cross-sectional design, a population of 85 pregnant women in the second and third trimesters was taken by total sampling. Instruments in the form of a compliance questionnaire and Hb data from medical records were analyzed univariately (frequency) and bivariately (Chi-Square). The results showed that 69.4% of respondents were compliant with supplement consumption, 68.2% were not anemic, with a significant relationship (p=0.00; OR=0.17, 95% CI: 0.02-1.18). It was concluded that compliance with iron supplement consumption was significantly associated with Hb levels in pregnant women, recommending strengthening ANC counseling.

The Relationship Between Cadres Knowledge And Motivation With Pneumonia Case Finding In Toddlers At Paal V Public Health Center In Jambi City

Nora Jenniririn Nainggolan — 2026-05-07

Pneumonia remains a leading cause of child mortality globally and in Indonesia. This study aims to analyze the relationship between knowledge and motivation of health cadres and their performance in finding pneumonia cases among toddlers at the Paal V Public Health Center, Jambi City. A quantitative cross-sectional design was employed with 67 female cadres as respondents. Data were collected using questionnaires and analyzed using the Chi-Square test. The results showed no significant relationship between education level and case finding (p = 0.900). However, a significant relationship was found between motivation and pneumonia case finding (p = 0.016). These findings suggest that enhancing cadre motivation is crucial for improving pneumonia detection in the community.

Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Of Metformin Use In Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients In Hospitals: A Systematic Literature Review

Wahyu Kurniawan — 2026-05-07

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) places a significant economic burden on Indonesia, necessitating the selection of cost-effective pharmacological therapies. Metformin has long been recommended as first-line therapy, but evidence of its cost-effectiveness across Indonesian hospitals remains fragmented and methodologically diverse. This study aimed to conduct a systematic review and synthesize evidence regarding the cost-effectiveness of metformin use in T2DM patients in Indonesian hospitals. The study used a systematic literature review design based on the PRISMA framework. Articles published since 2020 and obtained from Google Scholar, PubMed, and Publish or Perish were assessed using the PICO criteria (Population: T2DM patients in hospital; Intervention: metformin; other antidiabetic therapies; Outcome: cost-effectiveness). In total, six national studies were selected, covering both inpatient and outpatient settings. Data were extracted descriptively, while cost-effectiveness results (primarily the Average Cost-Effectiveness Ratio/ACER) were analyzed narratively. Across all reviewed studies, metformin consistently demonstrated lower ACER values than comparator therapies (e.g., glibenclamide, glimepiride, gliquidone, and acarbose-based combinations), suggesting better cost-efficiency with equivalent or higher clinical effectiveness. Conclusion: Metformin is a cost-effective first-line therapy for T2DM patients in Indonesian hospitals, making it worthy of being maintained as the primary choice in clinical practice and hospital formularies.

Student Knowledge Of Antenatal Care Services For Third-Trimester Pregnant Women

Andi Husna — 2026-05-07

Antenatal care (ANC) is a key maternal health service that supports monitoring of maternal and fetal conditions, early detection of complications, health education, and preparation for safe delivery. The third trimester is a critical period because the need for monitoring increases near childbirth. This study aimed to describe the knowledge of public health students regarding ANC services for third-trimester pregnant women. A quantitative descriptive study with a cross-sectional approach was conducted at Universitas Jambi from February to March 2026. A total of 100 public health students were selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected using a validated 17-item questionnaire covering ANC definition, aims and benefits, visit frequency, service components, and danger signs. The instrument showed acceptable reliability with Cronbach's Alpha of 0.724. Data were analyzed using univariate analysis. Most respondents had good knowledge (65.0%), followed by moderate knowledge (31.0%) and poor knowledge (4.0%). The highest correct responses were found in aims and benefits, while the lowest were related to visit frequency. Strengthening technical and applied learning is needed to improve student competence.

The Effectiveness Of Early Mobilization On Intestinal Peristalsis In Post-Caesarean Section Patients Undergoing Spinal Anesthesia At Cilacap Regional Hospital

Dhea Yulianita Dhea Yulianita — 2026-05-07

Caesarean section (CS) with spinal anesthesia often causes paralytic ileus due to intestinal peristalsis inhibition, which slows patient recovery. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of early mobilization on intestinal peristalsis frequency in post-CS patients at Cilacap Regional General Hospital. Using a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design with a control group, the population was post-CS patients with spinal anesthesia in the Mawar Room (December 2025), a sample of 44 respondents via purposive sampling (Slovin formula, e=5%). Instruments included observation sheets, stethoscopes, and informed consent; data analysis used Shapiro-Wilk, Wilcoxon Signed Rank, and Mann-Whitney. The results showed a significant increase: 4 hours post-CS from 3.66 to 4.59 times/minute (p<0.001, Z=-4.667); 6 hours from 7.09 to 8.48 times/minute (p<0.001, Z=-5.756), with superiority at 6 hours (p=0.000). It was concluded that early mobilization was effective in accelerating the recovery of intestinal peristalsis, especially at 6 hours post-operatively.

Near-Fatal Asthma With Severe Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure Requiring Mechanical Ventilation In A Resource-Limited Setting: A Case Report

Sinta Triagustina — 2026-05-05

Near-fatal asthma (NFA) is a life-threatening manifestation of acute severe asthma characterized by hypercapnia, respiratory acidosis, altered consciousness, and the need for invasive mechanical ventilation. Early recognition and timely airway stabilization are essential to prevent respiratory arrest and mortality, particularly in resource-limited settings. A 41-year-old woman with a history of asthma was brought to the emergency department with decreased consciousness and severe respiratory distress. On arrival, her Glasgow Coma Scale score was 5, respiratory rate was 35 breaths per minute, and oxygen saturation was 46% on room air. Arterial blood gas analysis demonstrated life-threatening hypercapnic respiratory failure (pH 6.954; PaCO₂ 95.4 mmHg; P/F ratio 87). Due to worsening respiratory failure and decreased level of consciousness, the patient underwent immediate endotracheal intubation and invasive mechanical ventilation and was admitted to the intensive care unit. She received systemic corticosteroids, repeated bronchodilator therapy, aminophylline infusion, and broad-spectrum antibiotics. Lung-protective ventilatory strategies with prolonged expiratory time were applied. The patient improved rapidly and was successfully extubated on the second day of mechanical ventilation, with subsequent discharge in stable condition. Appropriate ventilatory strategies combined with guideline-based pharmacological therapy are essential to improve outcomes in patients with near-fatal asthma presenting with severe hypercapnic respiratory failure, even in resource-limited settings.

Strengthening ILP Standards Through Education And Simulation Of Diabetes Mellitus Screening Based On E- Health Center In Sukosari Village

Nabilah Ayu Ash-Shiddiqi — 2026-05-07

This increase in cases of diabetes mellitus as part of non-communicable diseases requires strengthening primary health care-based screening, including through optimizing the role of health cadres at the village level. However, the limited knowledge and skills of cadres are one of the obstacles in implementing early detection. This community service activity aims to improve the competence of cadres through the SINERGI (Simulation and Education for Diabetes Screening) program. The method used is descriptive quantitative with total sampling techniques on 27 health cadres who participated in the training. The evaluation was conducted through pre-tests and post-tests to measure changes in knowledge before and after the intervention. The results showed an increase in the average score from 46.29 (poor category) to 80 (good category), and 96% of cadres experienced an increase in their scores. These findings indicate that a combination of role-play-based education and simulation is effective in improving the capacity of cadres in diabetes mellitus screening at the village level.

Student Perceptions Of The Smoke-Free Area (Ktr) Regulations On The Faculty Of Medicine And Health Sciences (Fkik) Campus, University Of Jambi, In 2026

M. Dicky Dermawan — 2026-05-07

The implementation of smoke-free zones on campus still faces significant challenges. This phenomenon indicates that the existence of a policy (stimulus) does not automatically result in uniform compliance (response). These differences in response are heavily influenced by students' perceptions. The objective of this study is to conduct a deeper analysis of students' perceptions regarding the Smoke-Free Zone (SFZ) regulations at the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Jambi. The research method employed a quantitative approach using a survey. The study was conducted at the FKIK UNJA campus within the Public Health program. Results of this study indicated that the majority of respondents were 19 years old, totaling 35 respondents (63.6%). The majority of respondents were female, totaling 48 respondents (87.3%). The majority of respondents were non-smokers or had quit smoking, totaling 53 respondents (96.4%). Most respondents had good knowledge, totaling 47 respondents (85.5%). Most respondents had a positive perception of the implementation of smoke-free zones, totaling 34 respondents (61.8%). Conclusion In general, a high level of knowledge tends to be accompanied by a positive perception of the implementation of smoke-free zones on campus, thereby creating a healthy, smoke-free environment.

The Effect Of Toddler Mothers’ Classes On Mothers’ Attitudes In Providing Complementary Feeding (Mpasi) To Infants Aged 5–6 Months In The Working Area Of Rongga Health Center In 2025

Fathia Rizki — 2026-05-07

Stunting remains a public health problem in Indonesia, including in the working area of Rongga Community Health Center. One of the contributing factors to stunting is the inappropriate provision of complementary feeding (MP-ASI). The “Mother and Toddler Class” is an educational program designed to improve mothers’ attitudes toward MP-ASI provision. This study aimed to determine the effect of the Mother and Toddler Class on mothers’ attitudes in providing MP-ASI to infants aged 5–6 months in the Rongga Community Health Center working area in 2025. This research used a pre-experimental design with a one-group pretest-posttest approach. The study sample consisted of mothers with infants aged 5–6 months, selected using stratified random sampling with a lottery method. Data were collected through attitude questionnaires administered before and after the intervention. Data analysis was performed using the McNemar test. The results showed that the average attitude score of mothers increased after participating in the Mother and Toddler Class. Statistical analysis indicated a p-value < 0.05, meaning there was a significant difference between mothers’ attitudes before and after attending the class. The Mother and Toddler Class had a significant effect on improving mothers’ attitudes in providing MP-ASI to infants aged 5–6 months. This program should be conducted routinely to support stunting prevention through improved complementary feeding practices.

Factors Associated With Chronic Energy Deficiency (Ced) In Adolescent Girls Aged 10-19 In Jambi Province

Lione Alfionita Hafidz — 2026-05-05

Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED) is a critical nutritional issue among Indonesian adolescent girls. In Jambi Province, its prevalence shows a fluctuating upward trend, requiring a thorough analysis of risk determinants. This study aimed to determine CED prevalence and analyze its association with macronutrient intake frequency, infectious diseases, hygiene behavior, physical activity, and family size. This quantitative study used a cross-sectional design with 2023 Indonesian Health Survey (SKI) secondary data. The sample consisted of 1,082 adolescent girls (10–19 years) in Jambi Province. Data were analyzed using Chi-square and Cox Regression to identify dominant factors and Prevalence Ratios (PR). CED prevalence was remarkably high at 56.1%, predominantly in the 15–19 age group (51.6%). Nutritional patterns showed infrequent consumption of carbohydrates (51.7%), fats (66.0%), and proteins (58.3%). While most respondents reported good hygiene and no infection history, bivariate analysis showed no significant association with CED. However, multivariate analysis identified light physical activity as the dominant factor significantly associated with CED risk (p-value: 0.045; PR: 1.45; 95% CI: 1.00–2.08). Physical activity is the primary determinant of CED among adolescent girls in Jambi. These findings highlight the urgency for comprehensive nutritional interventions focusing on energy balance and dietary quality.

The Influence Of Health Education On The Impact Of Electronic Cigarettes (Vape) With Audiovisual Media On Knowledge Of The Dangers Of Electronic Cigarettes Among Youth Communities In The Depok Area In 2025

Indy Nurrohmah Indy Nurrohmah — 2026-05-07

The prevalence of e-cigarettes in Indonesia increased by 3% in 2021 according to the Ministry of Health's GATS, with a high knowledge gap among adolescents in Depok due to modern lifestyle trends. This study aims to determine the effect of health education on the dangers of vaping using audiovisual media on adolescent knowledge. A quasi-experimental one-group pretest-posttest design was conducted on a population of 50 adolescents in RT 07 Sukamaju Depok, with a sample of 20 respondents via purposive sampling. The Guttman scale questionnaire instrument was analyzed using univariate frequency and bivariate Kolmogorov-Smirnov post-normality t-test (p=0.072). The results showed a decrease in knowledge from less than 60% to 30%, an increase from sufficient to 40% to 55%, and good from 0% to 15%, with p=0.013. Audiovisual education is effective in significantly increasing adolescent knowledge.

The Effect Of Fishing Ball Therapy And Puzzle Therapy On Cognitive Function In Elderly Patients With Dementia At Club Bugar Ideal, Bojonggede District, Bogor Regency In 2025

Abdullah Assjidiq — 2026-05-07

Dementia increases with age, especially in the elderly population. Dementia is a clinical syndrome with progressive decline in cognitive function that interferes with independence and daily activities. Dementia can also cause serious complications, such as a decline in quality of life and health problems that are often the leading causes of mortality. To determine the effect of fishing ball therapy and puzzle therapy on cognitive function in elderly people with dementia at Club Bugar Ideal, Bojonggede District. This study was a quantitative study using a quasi-experimental approach with one equivalent control group pretest-posttest design. Data collection was conducted using the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using univariate and bivariate analysis with the Shapiro-Wilk test using Jamovi 2.6.26 software. The average age of respondents was over 60 years old. In terms of gender, the majority were female, with 27 respondents (69.2%). In terms of education, the majority had only completed elementary school, with 17 respondents (43.6%). In terms of employment, the majority were unemployed, with 29 respondents (74.4%). In terms of medical history, the majority had a history of illness, with 23 respondents (59%). Based on the results of the group A fishing ball p value (0.181) > 0.05 and group B Puzzle p value (0.095) > 0.05, meaning that there was no effect of therapy in either the fishing ball or puzzle groups on the cognitive function of the elderly before and after therapy, whereas there was an effect of therapy in group C (fishing ball and puzzle) on the cognitive function of the elderly before and after therapy. The results of the difference test showed no significant differences between the therapy groups, namely fishing ball therapy (A), puzzle therapy (B), and a combination of fishing ball and puzzle therapy (C). The p-values for the comparisons between groups were (A–B p=0.594; A–C p=0.440; B–C p=0.804). Non-pharmacological therapy, namely a combination of fishing ball and puzzle therapy, can improve cognitive function in elderly people with dementia.

Network Forensic Approach in Data Breach Crime Investigation

Kurnia Rahmasari — 2026-05-07

This study aims to analyze the application of a network forensics approach in data breach crime investigations and examine its technical and legal implications. The method used is a qualitative approach through case studies, network log analysis, and a literature review. The research object focuses on the 2021 Microsoft Exchange Server attack case to reconstruct the attack chronology based on network artifacts. The results show that network forensics is effective in systematically identifying attack stages, from initial activity to data exfiltration, and is able to uncover communication patterns and attack methods used by perpetrators. However, challenges arise from the use of anonymity and encryption techniques that complicate the investigation process. From a legal perspective, the analysis results can be used as digital evidence in proving cybercrime in accordance with applicable laws and regulations. This study also emphasizes the importance of forensic readiness in organizations through network monitoring, log management, and the utilization of open information. Thus, network forensics plays a crucial role not only in investigations but also in overall cybersecurity strategies.

Comparative Study Of Public Sentiment Analysis On Ikn (Nusantara Capital City) Across X And Youtube Using Pso-Optimized Svm

Awaliah Fitri Nur Ananda — 2026-05-07

This study aims to compare public sentiment regarding the IKN on Platform X and YouTube using a Polynomial Kernel SVM algorithm optimized by PSO. The method used is an experimental study. Data was obtained through web scraping using Google Colab, yielding 1,413 tweets for the X dataset and 814 for the YouTube dataset. The collected data underwent data cleaning, followed by sentiment labeling of each data point into three classes. Following this, TF-IDF vectorization, PSO-based feature selection, and classification using the Polynomial Kernel SVM were performed. The results of the study showed an accuracy of 76% for the PSO-SVM on the X platform and 75% for the YouTube platform. These results indicate that the PSO-SVM algorithm performs better on the X platform compared to the YouTube platform.

Optimization Of Antifoaming Agent Usage On Co2 Removal Unit Performance To Increase Product Co2 Purity

Amos Rante Salu — 2026-05-07

CO2 Removal units in the chemical fertilizer industry often experience foaming in the MDEA absorption-desorption process which reduces CO2 absorption efficiency. This study aims to optimize the concentration of PDMS-based antifoaming to minimize CO2 slip and maximize product CO2 purity through SCAFC identification. The experimental method was carried out on an industrial CO2 Removal unit with a population of four main equipment (Absorber, Stripper, HPFD, LPFD) and samples of varying antifoaming concentrations of 100-200 mL per 100 L of solvent. Measurement instruments include Collapse Time (CT) tester, CO2 analyzer, and laboratory tests, analyzed with a comparative multi-location injection approach. The results show the optimal SCAFC at 150 mL with the fastest CT of 12 seconds (Stripper/Absorber), minimum CO2 slip of 0.001%, and product CO2 purity of 99.45-99.50%. The conclusion of the study recommends 150 mL injection on low-pressure-high-temperature equipment for optimal operation of the fertilizer industry.

Design Of A Clean Water Distribution Pipe System For Ngenep Village Based On Projected Water Needs For The Next Ten Years

Andi Nur Rasyidi — 2026-05-07

Ngenep Village, Karangploso District, Malang Regency, is experiencing a clean water crisis due to population growth of 13,124 people (2024) and residential urbanization without integrated distribution from the Umbulan (93 l/s) and Nyolo (34 l/s) sources. This study aims to design a distribution pipe system, reservoir, and pump based on a 10-year water demand projection (SNI 7509:2011). Using mixed methods, dominant quantitative, the population of 13,124 people of Ngenep Village was sampled in total for the Umbulan-Nyolo zone. Instruments include WaterCAD (Hazen-Williams), ETABS, current meters, with arithmetic projection analysis (deviation test σ=1.36; R²=1.00), hydrogeology, and hydraulic simulation. The results show a population projection of 19,005 people (2034), HDPE PE100 SDR17 network (Ø2"-Ø8"), Umbulan reservoir 337 m³, Nyolo 120 m³, Ebara pump (head 80 m), RAB Rp4.22 billion (119 days), velocity 0.3-1.7 m/s, pressure 0.10-0.70 MPa meets PUPR Ministerial Regulation No. 27/2016. In conclusion, the system is ready for multi-party village-developer implementation for SDGs 6 with 100% sustainable service.