International Journal of Health Engineering and Technology (IJHET)

Comparison Of The Clinical Longevity Of Lithium Disilicate Crowns In Fixed Dental Prostheses

Alwan Zufar — 2026-10-01

Tooth loss can impair mastication, phonetics, aesthetics, and quality of life, necessitating restorations that restore function and maintain long-term clinical performance. Fixed dental prostheses (FDPs) made of lithium disilicate are increasingly used because of their favorable mechanical and aesthetic properties. However, evidence regarding the durability and longevity of lithium disilicate restorations varies according to material type, clinical conditions, and evaluation parameters. This literature review aimed to examine the clinical longevity of lithium disilicate crowns used in fixed dental prostheses based on survival rate, success rate, mechanical strength, wear resistance, marginal adaptation, bond strength, and restoration-related complications. A literature review was conducted using a systematic approach based on the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Literature searches were performed in PubMed, ScienceDirect, DOAJ, MDPI, Garuda, and Google Scholar for articles published between 2020 and 2025. Five studies were included in the review. The findings demonstrated that lithium disilicate exhibited favorable flexural strength and wear resistance, with good mechanical stability following chewing simulation. Marginal adaptation remained within clinically acceptable limits, while bond strength and translucency supported restoration performance. Clinical studies also reported high survival and success rates over six years. In conclusion, lithium disilicate demonstrates favorable clinical longevity as a restorative material for fixed dental prostheses, offering a balance between mechanical durability, long-term clinical performance, and aesthetic outcomes.

Managerial Strategies For Optimizing Performance-Based Capitation Indicators At The Jambi City Community Health Center In 2026

Haerunnisa Dwisaputri — 2026-10-19

Performance Based Capitation (KBK) is a payment mechanism that links capitation payments to the achievement of three performance indicators of primary healthcare facilities: contact rate, non specialist referral ratio, and the ratio of controlled Prolanis participants. Three selected primary health centers in Jambi City showed different capitation payment consequences throughout 2025, ranging from 95 100% at Putri Ayu, 90 95% at Kebun Handil, and a constant 90% at Koni, despite receiving different amounts of capitation funds. This study aimed to analyze managerial strategies in optimizing KBK indicators at three primary health centers in Jambi City through the functions of planning, organizing, actuating, and controlling. A qualitative case study approach was used involving 26 informants from the three centers through in depth interviews, observation, and documentation, analyzed thematically with Nvivo and validated through source triangulation. The results show that organizing and controlling have run relatively consistently across the three centers, while planning and actuating still varied, mainly due to limited human resources, facilities, recording systems, and participant compliance. Differences in KBK achievement between health centers were not solely determined by the amount of capitation funds received, but by the ability of each center to integrate all four management functions.

The Effect Of Different Binder Types On The Results Of Hardness Evaluation Tests And Tablet Disintegration Time Using The Wet Granulation Method: Literature Review

Ananda Syalomita Kassang — 2026-10-17

Tablets are a widely used pharmaceutical dosage form due to their stability, ease of use, and dosage accuracy. In tablet manufacturing, particularly using the wet granulation method, the use of binders is a critical factor influencing the tablet's physical properties, particularly hardness and disintegration time. Various types of binders, both natural and synthetic, such as polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), gelatin, starch, and sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC-Na), have different characteristics in forming bonds between particles. This literature review aims to analyze the effect of different binder types on tablet hardness and disintegration time test results. The method used was a literature review of various scientific journals related to tablet formulations with various binders. The results indicate that increasing binder concentration generally increases tablet hardness but can also prolong disintegration time. Synthetic binders such as HPMC and gelatin tend to produce tablets with high mechanical strength, while binders such as PVP and starch provide more moderate hardness with faster disintegration times. Thus, the selection of the type and concentration of binder must be adjusted to the formulation objectives to obtain an optimal balance between tablet hardness and disintegration time.

Factors Associated With Low Back Pain Complaints Among Warehouse Workers At PT. X In 2026

Muhammad Rafly Firmansyah — 2026-10-11

Low Back Pain (LBP) is one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders experienced by warehouse workers due to manual handling activities, non-ergonomic working postures, and repetitive physical workloads. This condition may reduce work productivity and negatively affect workers' health. This study aimed to determine the factors associated with Low Back Pain complaints among warehouse workers at PT. X in 2026. This quantitative study employed a cross-sectional design. The study population consisted of 81 warehouse workers, all of whom were included as the research sample using a total sampling technique. Data were collected using the Nordic Body Map (NBM) questionnaire to identify Low Back Pain complaints, while working posture was assessed using the Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) method. Data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate analyses with the Chi-Square test at a 95% confidence level (α = 0.05). The findings indicated that most warehouse workers experienced Low Back Pain complaints. Bivariate analysis showed that age and length of employment were significantly associated with Low Back Pain complaints (p < 0.05), whereas working duration was not significantly associated with Low Back Pain (p > 0.05). The REBA assessment revealed that most work activities were classified as having moderate to high ergonomic risk, indicating the need for corrective ergonomic interventions. It can be concluded that age and length of employment are factors associated with Low Back Pain complaints among warehouse workers at PT. X. The company is recommended to implement ergonomic programs, provide manual handling aids, and conduct regular ergonomic training and working posture evaluations to reduce the risk of Low Back Pain.

The Effectiveness Of A Moringa Leaf Drink Program On Pregnant Women’s Knowledge Of Nutritious Foods For Stunting Prevention In Jati Mulia Village

Berkah Tania Sawitri Pasaribu — 2026-10-03

Stunting is one of the chronic nutritional problems that remains a public health challenge in Indonesia. Stunting prevention should begin during pregnancy by fulfilling nutritional needs and improving mothers’ knowledge of nutritious foods. Moringa leaves (Moringa oleifera) are a local food source with potential for use as part of community-based nutritional interventions. This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of a Moringa leaf drink program in improving pregnant women’s knowledge of nutritious foods for stunting prevention in Jati Mulia Village, Nibung Hangus District, Batu Bara Regency. This study employed a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental design using pretest and posttest measurements. The sample consisted of 50 pregnant women selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected using a questionnaire assessing knowledge of nutritious foods and stunting prevention. Data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate analyses with the Wilcoxon signed-rank test at a significance level of α = 0.05. The results showed that the mean knowledge score of pregnant women before the intervention was 39.92, which increased to 80.58 after the intervention. Before the intervention, 42 respondents (84.0%) were categorized as having poor knowledge, whereas no respondents remained in this category after the intervention. A total of 31 respondents (62.0%) achieved the very good knowledge category in the posttest. The Wilcoxon test showed a p-value of <0.001, indicating a statistically significant difference in knowledge levels before and after the intervention. Therefore, the Moringa leaf drink program was effective in improving pregnant women’s knowledge of nutritious foods as part of stunting prevention efforts. The utilization of Moringa leaves can be further developed as an affordable, sustainable, and locally based food education approach at the community level.

Description Of Post-Spinal Anesthesia Urinary Retention In Hernia Surgery Patients At Cilacap Regional Hospital

Andrea Dwi Puspita — 2026-10-17

A hernia is an abnormal protrusion of abdominal contents through a defect or weak area in the abdominal wall. In cases of abdominal hernia, abdominal contents protrude through a weakened musculaponeurotic layer of the abdominal wall. A hernia consists of a ring (fascia), a sac (peritoneum), and the hernia contents. This study aimed to describe the incidence of postoperative urinary retention following spinal anesthesia in hernia surgery patients at Cilacap Regional General Hospital (RSUD Cilacap). This study employed a quantitative approach with an analytical method. The study population consisted of 73 patients; using a 5% margin of error, the calculated sample size was 62 respondents. An observation sheet was used to measure the incidence of postoperative urinary retention. The results showed that, regarding respondent characteristics, the majority were over 60 years of age (40 respondents; 64.5%) and male (57 respondents; 91.9%). In terms of education, the majority had a low level of education (elementary or junior high school) (37 respondents; 59.7%). Regarding the type of hernia, the majority of cases were inguinal hernias (56 respondents; 90.3%). Concerning the incidence of urinary retention, the majority of patients did not experience urinary retention (39 respondents; 62.9%).

Molecular Docking Of Bioactive Compounds From Mangosteen Peel (Garcinia Mangostana L.) And Design Of New Quercetin Derivatives As MAO-A Inhibitors For Anti-Stress Potential

Syafi’Atul ‘Aliyah — 2026-10-03

Stress is associated with an imbalance of neurotransmitters in the central nervous system. Monoamine Oxidase A (MAO-A) plays a role in the metabolism of monoamine neurotransmitters and therefore, has potential as a target for the development of anti-stress agents. Mangosteen peel (Garcinia mangostana L.) contains various bioactive compounds with potential for development as anti-stress agent candidates. This study aimed to analyze the interactions of bioactive compounds from mangosteen peel with MAO-A through molecular docking and to evaluate drug-likeness, ADME, toxicity, and structural modification of the selected compound. An in silico study was conducted on 70 bioactive compounds using PyRx-AutoDock Vina with MAO-A (PDB ID: 2Z5X). Validation was performed by redocking the native ligand Harmine. The selected compounds were subsequently analyzed using SwissADME, pkCSM, and Toxtree. Redocking of Harmine produced an RMSD of 1.581 Å and a binding affinity of −8.2 kcal/mol, indicating that the method was valid. The four best-performing compounds were Quercetin, Apigenin, Smeathxanthone A, and Epicatechin, with binding affinity of −9.0, −8.9, −8.6, and −7.4 kcal/mol, respectively. Quercetin was selected based on its lowest binding affinity and similarity of amino acid residue interactions with the native ligand. Modification of Quercetin produced (Z)-4-(prop-1-en-1-yl)-3,6-dihydro-[1,1'-biphenyl]-2,3',4'-triol with a binding affinity of −8.7 kcal/mol and an RMSD of 1.321 Å, accompanied by an improved ADME profile and low toxicity. The modified compound has potential for further development as an anti-stress agent candidate targeting MAO-A, however, further in vitro and in vivo studies are required.

Perforated Retrocecal Appendicitis Despite Inconclusive Ultrasonography: The Role Of Integrated Clinical Assessment And Reassessment—A Case Report

Zakky Bramantyo Ardhi — 2026-10-01

Acute appendicitis is a dynamic disease process, and clinical findings may evolve during diagnostic evaluation. Ultrasonography (US) is often used as the initial imaging modality; however, nonvisualization of the appendix is an inconclusive finding and cannot, by itself, exclude appendicitis. Therefore, while awaiting further investigations or when imaging remains nondiagnostic, clinical reassessment is essential for detecting changes in the patient’s condition. A 56-year-old woman presented with progressive abdominal pain that began in the epigastrium and subsequently localized to the right lower quadrant, accompanied by nausea and vomiting. On initial evaluation, she was hemodynamically stable but tachycardic, with right lower quadrant tenderness, positive psoas and Rovsing signs, and leukocytosis of 18.84 × 10⁹/L, without rebound tenderness or abdominal guarding. The patient underwent clinical observation and further investigation. Abdominal ultrasonography performed the following morning demonstrated mild localized ileus in the right abdomen; however, the appendix and ileocecal region could not be visualized. Subsequent reassessment revealed new-onset abdominal distension, tenderness at McBurney’s point and in the suprapubic region, rebound tenderness, and lower abdominal guarding. Given the progression of these clinical findings, peritonitis secondary to perforated appendicitis was suspected, and emergency exploratory laparotomy was performed. Intraoperatively, a gangrenous retrocecal appendix was identified, with perforations in the midportion and at the base, accompanied by purulent fluid in the right paracolic gutter and pelvis. Retrograde appendectomy, peritoneal irrigation, and drain placement were performed. Histopathological examination confirmed perforated appendicitis, and the postoperative course was favorable. Nonvisualization of the appendix on ultrasonography does not exclude appendicitis, particularly when clinical findings continue to support the diagnosis. This case highlights the importance of integrating imaging findings with ongoing clinical assessment during the diagnostic evaluation period. Serial reassessment of symptoms and abdominal examination findings is essential for detecting changes in clinical status and determining the need for timely escalation to definitive treatment.

Overview Of Prescription Service Wait Times At The Sidomulyo Community Health Center (Outpatient Department) In Delima Tampan Subdistrict, Pekanbaru

Aulia Fitri — 2026-10-16

Prescription service waiting time is an indicator used to assess the quality and efficiency of pharmaceutical services at Community Health Centers (Puskesmas). The duration of the prescription service process can influence patient comfort and satisfaction while also reflecting the effectiveness of the medication dispensing workflow. This study aimed to analyze the outpatient prescription service waiting time at the Sidomulyo Panam Community Health Center in Pekanbaru. A descriptive research design with an observational approach was employed. Data were collected through direct observation of the outpatient prescription service process from June 26 to 28, covering a sample of 131 prescriptions. Waiting time was measured from the moment pharmacy staff received the prescription until the medication was handed to the patient; data were then categorized by prescription type: non-compounded and compounded. The results showed that 121 prescriptions were non-compounded and 10 were compounded. The average waiting time for non-compounded prescriptions was 10.46 minutes on Day 1, 9.54 minutes on Day 2, and 9.1 minutes on Day 3. Meanwhile, the average waiting time for compounded prescriptions was 32.6 minutes on Day 1, 33.5 minutes on Day 2, and 33 minutes on Day 3. Based on these observations, the outpatient prescription service waiting time at the Sidomulyo Community Health Center met established pharmaceutical service standards. Factors influencing waiting time included the type of prescription, the number of pharmacy staff, service stages, and medication availability.

A 12 Year Old Boy With Suspected Charcot-Marie-Tooth: A Case Report

Dina Nurhayati — 2026-10-01

Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) is the most common hereditary neuropathy, with a prevalence of 1:2.500 in the Caucasian population. Clinical manifestations typically present during childhood or adolescence. A 12-year-old boy presented with difficulty walking. Alloanamnesis revealed that his growth and development had been appropriate for his age from birth until the age of 10 years. Over the past two years, he had developed gait abnormalities characterized by foot slapping while walking. Lower limb weakness had worsened seven days prior to hospitalization. The patient frequently fell, fatigued easily, and experienced pain in both legs. These symptoms were not preceded by fever or cough. Bowel and bladder functions were normal. He was born full-term, he had complete immunizations and no significant past medical history. His uncle had experienced similar symptoms. Physical examination revealed pes cavus and hammer toes. Neurological examination revealed lower limb muscle strength of 2/5, decreased patellar tendon reflexes, and negative pathological reflexes. Sensory function was difficult to evaluate. ENMG was not performed because the patient's parents refused referral. The patient showed clinical improvement following symptomatic pharmacological therapy and physical exercise therapy. The patient's clinical manifestations were consistent with typical features of CMT, including distal weakness, foot deformities, and loss of reflexes. Genetic testing, electrophysiological examination, and nerve biopsy could not be performed due to limited facilities. The clinician's role is crucial in establishing an initial diagnosis based on anamnesis and physical examination. Early detection may facilitate timely rehabilitation interventions to improve the patient's quality of life.

The Relationship Between Body Image And Eating Patterns Among Adolescent Social Media Users Based On Dorothy E. Johnson's Theory At Man 2 Bojonegoro

Genduk Nia Agustin — 2026-10-11

Adolescence is a transitional stage from childhood to adulthood characterized by physical, psychological, and social changes, as well as the search for self-identity, which may influence the development of body image and affect eating patterns. Based on Dorothy E. Johnson's Behavioral System Model, changes in body image can influence the balance of the behavioral system, particularly eating behavior. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between body image and eating patterns among adolescent social media users at MAN 2 Bojonegoro. This study employed a quantitative correlational design with a cross-sectional approach. The population consisted of 272 eleventh-grade students at MAN 2 Bojonegoro, with a sample of 162 respondents selected using simple random sampling. Data were collected using the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) and the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) and were analyzed using the Spearman's Rank Correlation test with a significance level of α = 0.05. The results showed that 93 respondents (57.4%) had a negative body image, while 91 respondents (56.2%) had poor eating patterns. The Spearman's Rank Correlation test yielded a p-value of 0.000 (p < 0.05) with a correlation coefficient of r = 0.517, indicating a statistically significant positive correlation of moderate strength. There was a significant relationship between body image and eating patterns among adolescent social media users at MAN 2 Bojonegoro. The higher the level of adolescents' satisfaction with their body image, the better their eating patterns. Healthcare professionals and schools are recommended to enhance education on developing a positive body image and adopting healthy eating patterns to promote healthy lifestyles among adolescents.

Divergence In Adolescent Criminal Behavior From The Perspective Of Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Model And Teachers’ Interpretations: A Systematic Literature Review

Fatimah Az Zahro — 2026-10-15

Juvenile delinquency is a complex social phenomenon triggered by the dynamics of multidimensional interaction between psychological factors, the social environment, and the cultural value order. This literature review article aims to describe the conceptual framework of juvenile criminal behavior, synthesize criminological and developmental psychology perspectives, and analyze the relevance of Bronfenbrenner's System Ecological Theory in describing the role of teachers as protective agents in schools. The results of the study show that adolescent criminal behavior is constructed not only by the failure of individual emotional regulation (person), but also by interaction dysfunction at the microsystem level (family, peers, school), mesosystem, exosystem, macrosystem (local cultural norms), and chronosystem (development of digital technology). Teachers occupy strategic positions in ecological systems to detect early, prevent, and strengthen adolescents' social bonds. This study provides important implications for the development of character-based curriculum and holistic synergy of adolescent mentoring.

Family Support And Quality Of Life Among Elderly Hypertensive Patients In Jambi City Health Centers

Tri Rahmadani — 2026-10-19

Hypertension is a non-communicable disease whose prevalence rises with age and may reduce quality of life among older adults. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between family support, overall and by dimension (emotional, informational, instrumental, and appraisal), and quality of life among elderly hypertensive patients at Puskesmas Kota Jambi, and to identify the most dominant dimension. A cross-sectional design was applied to 62 patients, analyzed using the Chi-Square test and multiple logistic regression with backward elimination. Quality of life was evenly distributed between good and poor categories (50.0% each). Overall family support was significantly associated with quality of life (p=0.011; prevalence ratio 2.148; 95% confidence interval 1.186–3.890), as were all four dimensions. Emotional support was the most dominant dimension (p<0.001; adjusted prevalence ratio 8.381; 95% confidence interval 2.668–26.328). In conclusion, emotional support most strongly influences the quality of life of elderly hypertensive patients; families are advised to prioritize psychological closeness, such as listening to complaints and providing emotional companionship, while maintaining other support in a balanced manner.

Molecular Docking Stufy Of Secondary Metabolites From Turmeric (Curcuma longa) As Potential MAO-A Inhibitors For Antistress Therapy

Yulanda Annisa Syafa Fatmawati — 2026-10-11

Monoamine Oxidase A (MAO-A) is a key enzyme in neurotransmitter metabolism, making its inhibition a strategic approach for antistress drug development. Turmeric (Curcuma longa) secondary metabolites possess potential therapeutic properties as MAO-A inhibitors. This study aims to evaluate the potential of turmeric secondary metabolites as MAO-A inhibitors through in silico molecular docking, pharmacokinetic profiling (ADME-Tox), drug-likeness evaluation, and subsequent structural modification of the lead compound. A computational approach was employed using 70 secondary metabolites from Curcuma longa L. Molecular docking was performed via PyRx-AutoDock Vina, followed by ADME-Tox and drug-likeness evaluation using SwissADME, pkCSM, and Toxtree, while structural modification was designed using ChemDraw. Demethylcurcumin emerged as the best candidate among seven top compounds, demonstrating a favorable binding affinity of -9.3 kcal/mol and an RMSD of 1.001 Å. Structural modification yielded a derivative, (4E,6E)-1-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-7-hydroxyocta-4,6-dien-1-one, which exhibited improved drug-likeness, pharmacokinetic profiles, and toxicity parameters compared to the parent compound. Demethylcurcumin shows strong potential as a natural MAO-A inhibitor, and its structural derivative provides an enhanced pharmacological and safety profile for further antistress drug development.

Literature Review: Thrombolysis In Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke

Arina Mardhotika — 2026-10-01

Stroke is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with ischemic stroke being the most common type. Ischemic stroke occurs due to obstruction of blood flow to brain tissue, resulting in ischemia, hypoxia, and potentially irreversible brain tissue damage if not treated promptly and appropriately. In the acute phase, the primary principle of management is to restore blood flow to hypoperfused areas of the brain as quickly as possible in order to preserve viable brain tissue, particularly the ischemic penumbra. One of the main reperfusion modalities is thrombolytic therapy, which aims to lyse intravascular thrombi and restore cerebral blood flow. Although thrombolytic therapy provides benefits in improving functional outcomes, it carries a risk of complications, particularly intracranial hemorrhage; therefore, appropriate patient selection, imaging evaluation, and monitoring are required. This final assignment uses a literature review method by examining various sources that discuss thrombolytic therapy in patients with acute ischemic stroke. The literature reviewed covers ischemic stroke, the mechanism of action of thrombolytic agents, methods of administration, inclusion and exclusion criteria, intravenous and intra-arterial thrombolysis, mechanical thrombectomy, types of thrombolytic agents, imaging prior to thrombolysis, as well as complications and therapeutic monitoring. Relevant literature was subsequently reviewed and descriptively organized to provide a comprehensive overview of the role of thrombolysis in the management of acute ischemic stroke. Based on the literature review, thrombolysis plays a role in restoring cerebral blood flow through thrombus lysis. Intravenous alteplase is one of the main therapies that provides optimal benefits when administered as early as possible to patients who meet the appropriate criteria. Patient selection, brain imaging, and monitoring are necessary to reduce the risk of complications, particularly intracranial hemorrhage. Thrombolysis is an important reperfusion therapy for acute ischemic stroke. Prompt and appropriate administration in patients who meet the criteria can improve functional outcomes, while taking into consideration the risk of bleeding and the need for close monitoring.

Evaluation Of The Vaccine Cold Chain At The Limapuluh Kota Community Health Center In Pekanbaru In 2026

Rahma Dona — 2026-10-17

Vaccines are biological preparations that are sensitive to temperature changes and therefore require appropriate cold chain management to maintain their quality, safety, stability, and effectiveness. Vaccine storage in health care facilities must consider temperature conditions, vaccine arrangement, Vaccine Vial Monitor (VVM), expiration dates, and the availability of supporting cold chain equipment. This study aimed to evaluate the implementation of vaccine cold chain management at Limapuluh Public Health Center, Pekanbaru, in 2026. A descriptive observational approach was used by observing vaccine management practices and reviewing storage procedures, temperature monitoring, recording, control, and distribution. The findings showed that vaccine storage temperatures were routinely monitored twice daily, in the morning and afternoon, and were supported by a temperature monitoring application accessed by the vaccine officer. Vaccine management also considered temperature sensitivity, VVM conditions, and the First Expired First Out (FEFO) principle. Vaccine receipt procedures included checking the type and quantity of vaccines, packaging condition, expiration date, batch number, VVM, and receiving temperature. Vaccine control and recording were supported by the SMILE application, enabling real-time monitoring and documentation. Therefore, vaccine cold chain management at Limapuluh Public Health Center has implemented important components to maintain vaccine quality and stability, although quantitative assessment of compliance requires a more structured checklist-based evaluation.

Conductive Hearing Loss In Children : A Comprehensive Literature Review

Istiazah Ramadhani — 2026-10-16

Conductive hearing loss (CHL) in children is a hearing disorder caused by impaired sound transmission through the external and/or middle ear, while sensorineural function is generally preserved. Although commonly associated with otitis media and external ear abnormalities, CHL in children may be underrecognized and can negatively affect speech and language development, learning, academic performance, and psychosocial functioning when left untreated. This literature review aimed to synthesize current evidence regarding the definition, epidemiology, etiology, risk factors, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, management, complications, and prognosis of CHL in children. A narrative literature review was conducted through searches of PubMed, ScienceDirect, SAGE, Google Scholar, NCBI Bookshelf, and official websites of the World Health Organization and the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia. Literature published between 2016 and 2026 in English or Indonesian was considered. Of 99 identified articles, 13 duplicates were removed, 86 articles underwent title and abstract screening, 42 were assessed in full text, and 26 publications met the eligibility criteria and one additional study was identified by hand-searching, giving 27 included sources. The review indicates that otitis media with effusion is a major cause of CHL in children, followed by external ear conditions such as cerumen impaction. Important risk factors include recurrent upper respiratory tract infections, Eustachian tube dysfunction, adenoid hypertrophy, limited access to healthcare, congenital ear abnormalities, trauma, and inappropriate ear-cleaning practices. Diagnosis requires comprehensive history taking, otoscopic examination, pure-tone audiometry, and tympanometry, with imaging reserved for suspected structural abnormalities or complications. Management is primarily directed at the underlying cause and may include observation, medical treatment, tympanostomy tube placement, tympanoplasty, surgical reconstruction, hearing rehabilitation, or bone conduction systems according to the clinical condition. Persistent or recurrent CHL may result in impaired speech and language development, learning difficulties, psychosocial problems, and structural damage to the tympanic membrane and ossicles. Overall, the prognosis is generally favorable in reversible conditions, particularly nonpersistent otitis media with effusion, but is less favorable in chronic, recurrent, or structurally complicated disease. Early detection, appropriate diagnosis, hearing monitoring, and etiology-based management are essential to minimize the long-term impact of CHL on children's development and quality of life.

The Influence Of Animated Video Media On Knowledge, Attitudes, And Behavior Of Anemia Prevention In Adolescent Girls At Smp Negeri 1 Trucuk Bojonegoro Based On Health Promotion Model Theory

Vivin Liana Sari — 2026-10-16

Adolescent girls are susceptible to anemia, so prevention education that is appropriate to their characteristics is needed. To determine the effect of animated video media on knowledge, attitudes, and behavior in preventing anemia. Quantitative research with a one-group pretest-posttest design. The population was 231 female adolescents in grades VII and VIII at SMP Negeri 1 Trucuk Bojonegoro, with a sample of 147 respondents selected using proportionate stratified random sampling. The instrument was a questionnaire on knowledge, attitudes, and behavior adapted from Khoiria (2023). Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test with α = 0.05. Animated video media had a significant effect on knowledge (p = 0.000), but did not affect attitudes (p = 0.259) and behavior (p = 0.540). Animated videos are effective in increasing knowledge, but have not produced significant changes in attitudes and behavior in preventing anemia.

Case Study of Unstable Angina Pectoris (UAP) Post Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty (PTCA) with Controlled Hypertension Comorbidity, Dyspepsia Syndrome, and Stage 1 Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) in Patients in the Heart Ward

Yozi Fiedya Ningsih — 2026-10-15

This case study aimed to evaluate the appropriateness of pharmacotherapy, identify potential Drug Related Problems (DRPs), and provide rational therapy recommendations for a patient with UAP post PTCA 1 stent, controlled hypertension, dyspepsia syndrome, and Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) stage 1 dd acute on Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). A descriptive method with a case study design was applied to a 53-year-old male patient hospitalised in the Cardiac Ward of RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang. Data were collected prospectively through interviews, clinical observation, and medical record review, then evaluated based on the right indication, right patient, right drug, and right dose criteria and compared with clinical guidelines. The results showed that the therapy, comprising antiplatelet, anticoagulant, statin, nitrate, antihypertensive, gastrointestinal, and supportive agents, was generally appropriate. However, several potential DRPs were identified, namely lower-than-reference doses of enoxaparin, ranitidine, and lactulose, as well as pharmacodynamic interactions among acetosal, clopidogrel, and enoxaparin that increase bleeding risk. During follow-up, the patient's clinical condition and renal function improved, indicated by a decrease in creatinine from 1.5 to 1.1 mg/dL and urea from 28 to 15 mg/dL. Pharmacist involvement in medication review is essential to optimise therapeutic effectiveness and safety.

Compounded Prescription Services At The Garuda Community Health Center In Pekanbaru

Rickha Octavia — 2026-10-01

Waiting time for prescription services is one of the indicators of pharmaceutical service quality that may affect service efficiency and patient experience. This study aimed to describe the waiting time for compounded and non-compounded prescription services at the Pharmacy Installation of Garuda Health Center, Pekanbaru City, and to determine their compliance with applicable service standards. This study used a descriptive method with a quantitative approach. Samples were selected using purposive sampling, resulting in 100 prescriptions consisting of 25 compounded and 75 non-compounded prescriptions. Data were collected from June 2 to June 13, 2026, by measuring the time from receipt of the prescription until the medication was handed over to the patient. Data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel to calculate the average waiting time. The results showed that the average waiting time was 15.4 minutes for compounded prescriptions and 10.8 minutes for non-compounded prescriptions. Both results met the applicable standards of ≤60 minutes for compounded prescriptions and ≤30 minutes for non-compounded prescriptions. Therefore, prescription services at Garuda Health Center met the established pharmaceutical service standards.

Improving Posyandu Cadres’ Knowledge Of Pulp Necrosis Through Education At UKGMD Evaluation, Pucangsawit Health Center

Seikha Mumtaza — 2026-10-19

Oral health problems, particularly pulp necrosis, remain a considerable health burden in Indonesia. Community Dental Health Workers (UKGMD cadres) play a strategic role as health promotion agents at the community level; however, their knowledge of advanced dental conditions such as pulp necrosis still needs to be strengthened. This community service activity aimed to improve the knowledge of UKGMD cadres in the working area of Puskesmas Pucangsawit, Surakarta, regarding pulp necrosis through oral health promotion. The method was an interactive lecture supported by visual media (posters, PowerPoint slides, and an educational video) and a question-and-answer session, with knowledge evaluated by a pre-test and a post-test administered through Google Forms. The activity took place on 15 April 2026 at the Sorogenen Auxiliary Health Center Hall and involved 40 UKGMD cadres. The mean knowledge score increased from 95.50 in the pre-test to 99.38 in the post-test, and the cadres’ active participation in the question-and-answer session reflected high enthusiasm. In conclusion, interactive lecture-based health promotion supported by engaging media improved the cadres’ knowledge of pulp necrosis and may serve as a model for similar UKGMD activities in other primary health care centers.

The Effect Of Stretching Exercises On Reducing Back Pain Complaints Caused By Backpack Use Among Junior High School Students Based On Calista Roy's Adaptation Theory

Rila Dwita Puspita Rani Setiawan — 2026-10-16

Carrying a BackPack weighing more than 10% of their body weight often triggers back pain in adolescents. Stretching exercises can improve body flexibility, aligning with Callista Roy's Adaptation Theory regarding physical stimulation for positive physiological adaptation. This study aimed to determine the effect of stretching exercises based on Callista Roy's Adaptation Theory on reducing back pack-related back pain among junior high school students. This study employed a quasi-experimental design with purposive sampling, involving an intervention group at SMPN 5 Bojonegoro (35 respondents) and a control group at SMPN 2 Bojonegoro (30 respondents). Pain levels were measured before (pre-test) and after (post-test) the intervention using the Nordic Body Map (NBM) questionnaire and analyzed using the Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney U tests. The Wilcoxon test was used to compare pain levels before and after stretching exercises within the intervention group, while the Mann-Whitney U test was used to analyze differences between the intervention and control groups regarding the impact of the exercises. At the pre-test stage, all respondents in both groups (100%) experienced moderate pain. Following the intervention, the majority of the intervention group (91.4%) showed a reduction to the low pain category, whereas 90.0% of the control group continued to experience moderate pain. Statistical tests revealed significant effects and differences in both groups (p = 0.000; p < 0.05). Stretching exercises are effective in reducing BackPack-related back pain among junior high school students by acting as an external coping mechanism that shifts the body's response from maladaptive to adaptive. Based on Callista Roy's Adaptation Theory, stretching exercises serve as a stimulus that enhances physiological coping mechanisms, enabling the body to adapt positively and reduce the pain response.

Spinal Anesthesia: Techniques And Complications

Muhammad Omar Zidan — 2026-10-11

Spinal anesthesia is a neuraxial technique involving the injection of local anesthetic into the subarachnoid space to produce reversible sensory, motor, and sympathetic blockade. It is widely used for surgeries below the umbilicus, including lower abdominal, pelvic, perineal, lower extremity, and obstetric procedures. Despite its advantages, such as rapid onset and effective anesthesia, complications may include hypotension, bradycardia, high or total spinal, post-dural puncture headache (PDPH), neurological complications, hematoma, and infection. Therefore, appropriate patient selection, procedural technique, monitoring, and complication prevention are essential. This final assignment employed a literature review by examining relevant sources on spinal anesthesia, including anatomy and physiology, indications and contraindications, patient and equipment preparation, anesthetic agents and adjuvants, techniques, factors affecting block spread, monitoring, complications, prevention, and recent developments. The literature was descriptively analyzed to provide an overview of the clinical application and safety of spinal anesthesia. Spinal anesthesia is effective for various surgical procedures, with outcomes influenced by patient characteristics, drug selection, puncture technique, and anesthetic spread. Bupivacaine is commonly used, with anesthetic agents and adjuvants selected according to the desired block characteristics. Prevention of complications includes proper patient evaluation, atraumatic puncture, ultrasound guidance when appropriate, antithrombotic management, hemodynamic monitoring, and aseptic techniques. Recent developments include pencil-point needles, neuraxial ultrasound, intrathecal adjuvants, and unilateral spinal anesthesia. Safe spinal anesthesia requires appropriate preparation, technique, drug selection, monitoring, and early recognition and prevention of complications.

Factors Associated With Employee Performance At Rawasari Public Health Center, Jambi City, 2026

Muhammad Randi Afriansah — 2026-10-01

Employee performance is an important component in maintaining the quality of primary health services. At UPTD Rawasari Community Health Center, increasing patient visits, limited human resources, physical workplace conditions, mental workload, work stress, and work motivation were identified as relevant factors. This study aimed to determine the relationships between physical work environment, mental workload, work stress, work motivation, and employee performance. A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted at UPTD Rawasari Community Health Center, Jambi City, in 2026. The population consisted of 54 employees and total sampling was planned; 51 eligible employees were included in the final analysis. Data were collected using structured questionnaires: the NIOSH Generic Job Stress Questionnaire Physical Environment, NASA-TLX, HSE Management Standards Indicator Tool, Multidimensional Work Motivation Scale, and Individual Work Performance Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using univariate analysis and Fisher-Freeman-Halton Exact Test at α=0.05. Physical work environment was significantly associated with employee performance (p=0.022). Mental workload, work stress, and work motivation were also significantly associated with employee performance (each p<0.001). These findings indicate that employee performance at UPTD Rawasari Community Health Center is statistically associated with physical workplace conditions, mental workload, work stress, and work motivation.

Application Of The K-Means Clustering Method In Grouping Goat Productivity In A Web-Based Monitoring System

Hafizh Trisna Indarto — 2026-10-01

Monitoring goat productivity at Pawit Mulya Farm Pacitan was previously hampered by manual data management and the lack of systematic productivity grouping. This study aims to develop a web-based monitoring system by implementing K-Means Clustering based on body weight, birth rate, and milk production. The study used a system development approach with the Waterfall method. The study population consisted of approximately 230 goats, while the sample consisted of productivity data that met the research variables. Data collection was carried out through observation, interviews, and literature studies. Analysis used Euclidean Distance, centroid updates, convergence testing, and Silhouette Score. The results of the study produced three productivity clusters: low, medium, and high, with a Silhouette Score of 0.3312, indicating sufficient clustering quality. White Box testing produced five valid independent paths with a 100% success rate. The system can be used as a means of monitoring and grouping productivity in a structured manner, although separation between clusters still needs to be optimized.

User Interface Redesign Of Hidayatul Falah Islamic Boarding School Profile Website Based On User-Centered Design With System Usability Scale Evaluation

Muhamad Asryl Adzim — 2026-10-03

The rapid advancement of information technology has encouraged educational institutions to provide information that is easily accessible and usable by a wide range of users. However, in practice, users still encounter obstacles when attempting to find the information they need through Islamic boarding school websites, which serve as the primary source of information. These obstacles include insufficiently intuitive navigation, poorly organized content structures, and suboptimal usability aspects. This study aims to implement the User centered design (UCD) method in redesigning the layout and appearance of the Islamic boarding school Hidayatul Falah website in order to meet user needs more effectively. The research process encompasses four main stages, namely the analysis of usage context, identification of user needs, design solution development, and design evaluation. The application of the UCD method produced a number of significant improvements, including enhancements to the navigation structure, more systematically grouped information, and greater interface consistency. Testing results using the System usability scale (SUS) instrument yielded an average score of 86, which falls into the "Excellent" category. These results demonstrate that the proposed design possesses a high level of usability and is capable of significantly improving the overall user experience.

Prediction Of HIV Case Spread In Sukabumi Using Single Exponential Smoothing Based On Grid Search Optimization

anggi agusti — 2026-10-03

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) remains a health problem of concern in Sukabumi City. The increase and fluctuation of HIV cases require control efforts through data-based planning. This study aims to analyze the development pattern of HIV cases, apply the Single Exponential Smoothing (SES) method, optimize the alpha parameter using the Grid Search method, and evaluate the accuracy of the prediction model. The data used were monthly HIV cases in the Sukabumi City Health Office area from January 2024 to December 2025. Forecasting was conducted using the SES method and implemented using Microsoft Excel and Python programming language. The alpha parameter was optimized using Grid Search with values ranging from 0.01 to 0.99. Model accuracy was evaluated using Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD), Mean Squared Error (MSE), and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE). The results showed that the optimal alpha value was 0.06, with a predicted number of HIV cases in January 2026 of 18.016 cases. The model obtained MAD of 2.597, MSE of 10.383, and MAPE of 13.71%. Based on the MAPE value, the model was categorized as good forecasting and can support planning and decision-making related to HIV case management.

Implementing Claim Management To Prevent Conflict In Construction Projects: A Literature Review

M. Alit Suryawan — 2026-10-01

Construction claims are a recurring source of conflict during project delivery and, when poorly managed, can escalate into formal disputes that adversely affect all parties involved. This study examines the concept and mechanisms of claim management, identifies the principal causes of construction claims, and evaluates the effectiveness of claim management as a means of preventing project conflict. A qualitative library-research approach was adopted by reviewing and synthesizing literature on construction claims and conflict. The review indicates that effective claim management depends on the integration of clear contract documentation, adequate institutional and human-resource capacity, accessible multi-tier dispute-resolution mechanisms, and stronger legal awareness among contracting parties. The causes of claims are multidimensional and span technical, managerial, administrative, and contractual-legal issues. The study recommends more adaptive contract drafting and stronger administrative governance of claims to reduce the likelihood that construction-project conflicts in Indonesia will escalate into formal disputes.