The Effect Of Stretching Exercises On Reducing Back Pain Complaints Caused By Backpack Use Among Junior High School Students Based On Calista Roy's Adaptation Theory

Rila Dwita Puspita Rani Setiawan; Sri Mulyani; Titik Nuryanti; Rahmawati

doi:10.55227/ijhet.v5i4.1144

Authors

Rila Dwita Puspita Rani Setiawan Rajekwesi Bojonegoro College of Health Sciences
Sri Mulyani Rajekwesi Bojonegoro College of Health Sciences
Titik Nuryanti Rajekwesi Bojonegoro College of Health Sciences
Rahmawati Rajekwesi Bojonegoro College of Health Sciences

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55227/ijhet.v5i4.1144

Keywords:

Back Pain, Backpack, Calista Roy's Adaptation Theory, Stretching Exercises

Abstract

Carrying a BackPack weighing more than 10% of their body weight often triggers back pain in adolescents. Stretching exercises can improve body flexibility, aligning with Callista Roy's Adaptation Theory regarding physical stimulation for positive physiological adaptation. This study aimed to determine the effect of stretching exercises based on Callista Roy's Adaptation Theory on reducing back pack-related back pain among junior high school students. This study employed a quasi-experimental design with purposive sampling, involving an intervention group at SMPN 5 Bojonegoro (35 respondents) and a control group at SMPN 2 Bojonegoro (30 respondents). Pain levels were measured before (pre-test) and after (post-test) the intervention using the Nordic Body Map (NBM) questionnaire and analyzed using the Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney U tests. The Wilcoxon test was used to compare pain levels before and after stretching exercises within the intervention group, while the Mann-Whitney U test was used to analyze differences between the intervention and control groups regarding the impact of the exercises. At the pre-test stage, all respondents in both groups (100%) experienced moderate pain. Following the intervention, the majority of the intervention group (91.4%) showed a reduction to the low pain category, whereas 90.0% of the control group continued to experience moderate pain. Statistical tests revealed significant effects and differences in both groups (p = 0.000; p < 0.05). Stretching exercises are effective in reducing BackPack-related back pain among junior high school students by acting as an external coping mechanism that shifts the body's response from maladaptive to adaptive. Based on Callista Roy's Adaptation Theory, stretching exercises serve as a stimulus that enhances physiological coping mechanisms, enabling the body to adapt positively and reduce the pain response.

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