Analysis Of Germs Patterns Of Pneumonia Incidents In Spine Surgery Patients With Post-Operative Care In The ICU/PICU Of Dr. Moewardi Hospital

Rieva Ermawan; Rhyan Darma Saputra; Agil Murthala

doi:10.55227/ijhet.v5i4.1265

Authors

Rieva Ermawan Department, Faculty of Medicine, Sebelas Maret University
Rhyan Darma Saputra Department, Faculty of Medicine, Sebelas Maret University
Agil Murthala Resident of Orthopedics & Traumatology Faculty of Medicine, Sebelas Maret University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55227/ijhet.v5i4.1265

Keywords:

Endotracheal Tube, Intensive Care Unit, Pneumonia, Spine Surgery, Surgical Site Infection

Abstract

Spine surgery carries a risk of infectious complications, including pneumonia, during postoperative care in the ICU/PICU. Changes in bacterial patterns due to surgery and endotracheal tube use are suspected to contribute to these events, but evidence in spine surgery patients is still limited. This study aims to analyze pre- and postoperative bacterial patterns and their relationship to the incidence of pneumonia, duration of ICU/PICU stay, and duration of endotracheal tube use. The study used an observational analytical design with a prospective cohort approach. The population was all spine surgery patients at Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta, from August 2024 to August 2025. A sample of 34 patients was obtained using a total sampling technique. The research instruments included medical records, observation sheets, pharyngeal swab cultures, sputum or tracheal aspirate cultures, and chest radiographs. Data analysis was performed descriptively, using the Chi-Square test, and Spearman correlation. The results showed changes in bacterial patterns after surgery with an increased dominance of pathogenic bacteria, especially Staphylococcus aureus. No significant correlation was found between preoperative bacterial patterns and the incidence of pneumonia (p = 1.000). In contrast, ICU stays of more than 48 hours and endotracheal tube use of more than 24 hours were strongly correlated with pneumonia (ρ = 0.696; p < 0.001). It was concluded that intensive care duration and endotracheal tube use were more influential factors in the incidence of pneumonia than preoperative bacterial patterns, so infection control and limiting the duration of invasive procedures should be prioritized in post-spinal surgery management.

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