Factors Associated With Surgical Site Infections In Hospital Settings

Nurvita Anggraini; Fera Novitry; Deli Lilia

doi:10.55227/ijhet.v4i4.466

Authors

Nurvita Anggraini Program Studi S-1 Kesehatan Masyarakat, STIKes Al-Ma’arif Baturaja
Fera Novitry Program Studi S-1 Kesehatan Masyarakat, STIKes Al-Ma’arif Baturaja
Deli Lilia Program Studi S-1 Kesehatan Masyarakat, STIKes Al-Ma’arif Baturaja

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55227/ijhet.v4i4.466

Keywords:

infection, postoperative complications, surgical procedures, operative, wound infection

Abstract

Surgical Site Infection (SSI) remains a common postoperative complication that increases patient morbidity and healthcare costs. Effective prevention and control of SSI are key indicators of the quality of surgical care in hospitals. This study aimed to analyze the factors associated with SSI among postoperative patients in a hospital setting. An analytical study with a cross-sectional design was conducted involving 75 respondents selected using a total sampling technique. Data were collected through structured interviews, observations, and medical record reviews. Data analysis employed univariate and bivariate tests using the Chi-Square test. The results showed that the incidence of SSI was 14.7%, and all independent variables demonstrated a significant relationship with SSI, including room sanitation (p=0.000), personal hygiene (p=0.000), standard operating procedure compliance (p=0.000), and appropriate treatment (p=0.000). The study concluded that environmental quality, hygiene behavior, adherence to standard procedures, and proper treatment play crucial roles in preventing SSI. It is recommended that hospitals strengthen infection control interventions through regular audits, enhanced patient hygiene education, strict SOP enforcement, environmental sanitation monitoring, and treatment optimization to improve patient safety.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Al Salmi, H., Elmahrouk, A., Arafat, A. A., Edrees, A., Alshehri, M., Wali, G., Zabani, I., Mahdi, N. A., & Jamjoom, A. (2019). Implementation of an evidence-based practice to decrease surgical site infection after coronary artery bypass grafting. Journal of International Medical Research, 47, 3491–3501.

Albert, H., Bataller, W., Masroor, N., et al. (2019). Infection prevention and enhanced recovery after surgery: A partnership for implementation of an evidence-based bundle to reduce colorectal surgical site infections. American Journal of Infection Control, 47, 718–719.

Allegranzi, B., Bischoff, P., de Jonge, S., et al. (2016). New WHO recommendations on preoperative measures for surgical site infection prevention: An evidence-based global perspective. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 16, e276–e287.

Allegranzi, B., Zayed, B., Bischoff, P., et al. (2016). New WHO recommendations on intraoperative and postoperative measures for surgical site infection prevention: An evidence-based global perspective. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 16, e288–e303.

Ambe, P. C., Rombey, T., Rembe, J.-D., Dörner, J., Zirngibl, H., & Pieper, D. (2020). The role of saline irrigation prior to wound closure in the reduction of surgical site infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Patient Safety in Surgery, 14, Article 47.

Anderson, D. J., Podgorny, K., Berríos-Torres, S. I., et al. (2014). Strategies to prevent surgical site infections in acute care hospitals: 2014 update. Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology, 35(6), 605–627.

Andiman, S. E., Xu, X., Boyce, J. M., Ludwig, E. M., Rillstone, H. R. W., Desai, V. B., & Fan, L. L. (2018). Decreased surgical site infection rate in hysterectomy: Effect of a gynecology-specific bundle. Obstetrics & Gynecology, 131, 991–999.

Ban, K. A., Minei, J. P., Laronga, C., et al. (2017). American College of Surgeons and Surgical Infection Society: Surgical site infection guidelines, 2016 update. Journal of the American College of Surgeons, 224(1), 59–74.

Bellon, F., Solà, I., Gimenez-Perez, G., et al. (2023). Perioperative glycaemic control for people with diabetes undergoing surgery. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 8, CD007315.

Berríos-Torres, S. I., Umscheid, C. A., Bratzler, D. W., et al. (2017). CDC guideline for the prevention of surgical site infection, 2017. JAMA Surgery, 152, 784–791.

Birchall, C. L., Maines, J. L., Kunselman, A. R., Stetter, C. M., & Pauli, J. M. (2022). Enhanced recovery for cesarean delivery … lower infection rates. Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine, 35, 10253–10261.

Calderwood, M. S., Anderson, D. J., Bratzler, D. W., et al. (2023). Strategies to prevent surgical site infections in acute-care hospitals: 2022 update. Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology, 44(6), 695–720.

Carter, E. B., Temming, L. A., Fowler, S., Eppes, C., Gross, G., Srinivas, S. K., Macones, G. A., & Tuuli, M. G. (2017). Evidence-based bundles and cesarean delivery surgical site infections: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Obstetrics & Gynecology, 130, 735–746.

Caruso, T. J., Wang, E. Y., Schwenk, H., Marquez, J. L. S., Cahn, J., Loh, L., Shaffer, J., Chen, K., Wood, M., & Sharek, P. J. (2019). A postoperative care bundle reduces surgical site infections in pediatric patients undergoing cardiac surgeries. Joint Commission Journal on Quality and Patient Safety, 45, 156–163.

Chen, S., Chen, J. W., Guo, B., & Xu, C. C. (2020). Preoperative antisepsis with chlorhexidine versus povidone-iodine for the prevention of surgical site infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis. World Journal of Surgery, 44, 1412–1424.

Cima, R., Dankbar, E., Lovely, J., et al. (2013). Colorectal surgery surgical site infection reduction program: A National Surgical Quality Improvement Program–driven multidisciplinary single-institution experience. Journal of the American College of Surgeons, 216, 23–33.

Danwang, C., Bigna, J. J., Tochie, J. N., Mbonda, A., Mbanga, C. M., Nzalie, R. N. T., Guifo, M. L., & Essomba, A. (2020). Global incidence of surgical site infection after appendectomy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open, 10, e034266.

de Jonge, S. W., Boldingh, Q. J. J., Koch, A. H., et al. (2021). Timing of preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis and surgical site infection: TAPAS, an observational cohort study. Annals of Surgery, 274, e308–e314.

Dean, H. F., King, E., Gane, D., Hocking, D., Rogers, J., & Pullyblank, A. (2020). Introduction of a care bundle effectively and sustainably reduces patient‐reported surgical site infection in patients undergoing colorectal surgery. Journal of Hospital Infection, 105, 156–161.

Dua, A., Desai, S. S., Seabrook, G. R., Brown, K. R., Lewis, B. D., Rossi, P. J., & Edmiston, C. E. (2014). The effect of Surgical Care Improvement Project measures on national trends on surgical site infections in open vascular procedures. Journal of Vascular Surgery, 60, 1635–1642.